Elements of Music

TEXTURE:

Texture is one accompanied melody, several simultaneous melodies or a melody with supporting chords.
There are 3 different kinds of texture:
-Monophonic: meaning literally havin one sound.
-Polyphonic: meaning having many sounds.
-homophonic: one main melody accompanied by chords.

RHYTHM:

Rhythm is the flow of music through time. Parts the rhythm are:
-Beat: it's a regular, recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time.
-Meter: is also the organization of beats into regular groups.
-measure (bars): is a group containing a fixed number of beats.
There are different kind of beats; the downbeat, which is the first, or stressed, beat of a measure. The upbeat is an unaccented pulse preceding the downbeat. 

There are different kinds of meters as such as:

• -Duple meter which contains 2 beats in measure
• -triple meter which contains 3 beats in a measure 
• -quadruple meter which contains 4 beats in measure
• -quintuple meter which contains 5 beats in a measure
• -sextuple meter which contains 6 bears in a measure
• -septuple meter which contains 7 beats in a measure

MELODY:

A Melody is a series of single tones that add up to a recognizable whole. The melody is the part of the song that you recognize in a song per example: "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star".

The highest tone of a melody is called the climax or the emotional focal point. There is a connected style of playing a melody which is called the Legato and a detached manner of playing a melody which is called Staccato.

HARMONY:

Harmony refers to the way the chords are constructed and how they follow each other. A chord is a combination of 3 or more tones sounded at once. The progression provides clues for harmonizing, but it does not always dictate a specific series. One thing that we have to memorize is that all songs have a chord progression. In the harmony there are what we call consonance and dissonance. Consonance is a stable chord, the chord pleasing to hear and Dissonance is an unstable chord, the chord that builds tension.

There are different kind of chords that can be played in a harmony. One of them is The Triad, the simplest, most basic chord. The Tonic Chord is the main chord of a piece. Arpeggios, broken  chord is when individual tones of a sound are sounded one after the other. The Dominant chord sets up tension that is resolved by a tonic chord.

FORM:

Form, in music, is the organization of musical elements in time. There are techniques that create musical form which are:

-Repetition creates a sense of unity. The pleasure we get in recognizing and remembering something.

-Contrast provides variety, conflict, change of mood, loud or soft, fast or slow.

-Variation is when keeping some elements of a musical thought while changing others. It also has different accompaniment, rhythmic pattern is changed while melodies stay the same.

The A B A form is the form used in music. A= statement, B= contrast or departure , and A= return.

                                               Statement         Contrast or             Return
                                                                           departure